HARDNESS RATINGS OF WOOD
The Janka (or side) hardness
test measures the force required to embed a 11.28 millimeter
(0.444 inch) steel ball to half its diameter in wood. It is
one of the best measures of the ability of a wood species to
withstand denting and wear. By the same token, it is also a
good indicator of how hard or easy a species is to saw or mill.
The higher the number, the harder
the wood.
Side hardness,
Janka test,
at 12% moisture content:
afromosia 1560
albarco 1020
alder, red 590
alder, white
andiroba 1130
angelin 1750
angelique 1290
apple 1730
ash, black 850
ash, blue 2030
ash, green 1200
ash, oregon 1160
ash, pumpkin 990
ash, white 1320
aspen, bigtooth 420
aspen, quaking 350
avodire 1080
azobe 3350
baldcypress 570
balsa
banak 510
basswood, American 410
basswood, Carolina
basswood, white
beech, American 1300
benge 1750
birch, gray 760
birch, paper 910
birch, river
birch, sweet 1470
birch, yellow 1260
boxelder 720
bubinga 2690
buckeye, Ohio
buckeye, yellow 350
buckthorn, cascara 1040
bulletwood 3190
butternut 490
buttonwood
catalpa, northern 550
catalpa, southern 550
cativo 630
cedar, Alaska 580
cedar, atlantic white 350
cedar, Port Orford 720
cedar, yellow 580
ceiba 240
cherry, black 950
chestnut, American 540
chinkapin, giant 730
coffeetree, Kentucky 1390
cottonwood) balsam poplar 300
cottonwood, black 350
cottonwood, eastern 430
courbaril 2350
cuangare 380
cypress, Mexican 460
degame 1940
determa 660
dogwood, flowering 2150
Douglas-fir, coast 710
Douglas-fir. interior west 660
Douglas-fir, interior north 600
Douglas-fir, interior south 510
ekop
elder, blue 840
elm, american 830
elm, cedar 1320
elm, rock 1320
elm, slippery 860
elm, winged 1540
fir, balsam 400
fir, California red 500
fir, grand 490
fir, noble 410
fir, pacific silver 430
fir, subalpine 350
fir, white 480
goncalo alves 2160
greenheart 2350
hackberry 880
hackberry, netleaf
(hackberry) sugarberry
hemlock, eastern 500
hemlock, mountain 680
hemlock, western 540
hickory, bitternut
hickory, black
hickory, nutmeg
hickory, pecan 1820
hickory, sand
hickory, water
hickory. mockernut
hickory, pignut
hickory, shagbark
hickory, shellbark
holly, American 1020
honeylocust 1580
hophornbeam, eastern 1860
hornbeam, American 1780
hura 550
ilomba 610
incense-cedar 470
ipe 3680
iroko 1260
jarrah 1910
jelutong 390
juniper, alligator 1160
juniper, western
kaneelhart 2900
kapur 1230
karri 2040
kempas 1710
keruing 1270
larch, western 830
laurel, California 1270
laurel, mountain 1790
lignumvitae 4500
limba 490
locust, black 1700
macawood 3150
madrone, Pacific 1460
(magnolia) cucumber tree 700
magnolia, southern 1020
(magnolia) sweetbay
mahogany, African 830
mahogany, true 800
manbarklak 3480
manni 1120
maple, bigleaf 850
maple, black 1180
maple, red 950
maple, silver 700
maple, sugar 1450
marishballi 3570
merbau 1500
mersawa 1290
mesquite
mora 2300
oak, black 1210
oak, cherrybark 1480
oak, southern red 1060
oak, laurel 1210
oak, northern red 1290
oak, pin 1510
oak, scarlet 1400
oak, shumard
oak, water 1190
oak, willow 1460
oak, bur 1370
oak, chestnut 1130
oak, live
oak, overcup 1190
oak, post 1360
oak, swamp chestnut 1240
oak, swamp white 1620
oak, white 1360
obeche 430
okoume 380
opepe 1630
osage orange 2040
(green)
ovangkoi
para-angelim 1720
parana-pine 780
pau marfim
peroba de campos 1600
peroba rosa 1730
persimmon, common 2300
pilon 1700
pine, Caribbean 1240
pine, eastern white 380
pine, jack 570
pine, Jeffrey 500
pine, limber 430
pine, loblolly 690
pine, lodgepole 480
pine, longleaf 870
pine, ocote 910
pine, pinyon 860
pine, pitch 620
pine, pond 740
pine, ponderosa 460
pine, Monterey 750*
pine. red 560
pine, sand 730
pine, shortleaf 690
pine, slash
pine, spruce 660
pine, sugar 380
pine, Table Mountain 660
pine, virginia 740
pine, western white 420
piquia 1720
primavera 660
purpleheart 1860
ramin 1300
redcedar, eastern 900
redcedar, southern 610
redcedar, western 350
redwood, old growth 480
redwood, second growth 420
robe 960
rosewood, Brazilian 2720
rosewood, Indian 3170
sande 900
santa maria 1150
sapele 1510
sassafras 630
sepetir 1410
serviceberry 1800
shorea 1780
(shorea) dark red meranti 780
(shorea) light red meranti 460
(shorea) white meranti 1140
(shorea) yellow meranti 770
silverbell, Carolina 590
sourwood 940
Spanish-cedar 600
spruce, black 520
spruce, Engelmann 390
spruce, red 490
spruce, Sitka 510
spruce, white 480
sucupira
sucupira 2140
sumac, staghorn 680
sweetgum 850
sycamore, american 770
tamarack 590
tanoak
teak 1000
tomillo 870
(green)
tree-of-heaven 1731
tupelo, black 810
tupelo. water 880
wallaba 2040
walnut, black 1010
white-cedar, northern 320
willow, black
witch hazel 1530
yellow poplar 540
yew. Pacific 1600
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